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EASA Part-66 Module 16 Cats A2 · A4 · B1.2 · B1.4 · B3

Piston Engine EASA Part-66 — Module 16 Practice Questions

Module 16 covers the fundamentals, performance, construction and systems of piston aeroplane engines — from four-stroke Otto theory to magneto ignition, carburettor icing and lubrication layouts. Below: what's covered, exam format, and seven sample questions in the same style you'll meet on exam day.

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Every question comes with a worked, EASA-grounded explanation — understand why, don't just memorise.
500
Questions in bank
5
Syllabus sections
95 min
Exam time (B1/B2)
75 %
EASA pass mark

Syllabus at a glance

Full Module 16 syllabus
Section 16.1
Fundamentals
  • Two-stroke, four-stroke, Otto & Diesel cycles
  • Piston displacement & compression ratio
  • Mechanical, thermal & volumetric efficiency
  • Engine configuration & firing order
Section 16.2 / 16.6
Performance & Induction
  • Power calculation & factors affecting power
  • Mixtures, leaning, pre-ignition & detonation
  • Induction, alternate air & exhaust systems
  • Air- and liquid-cooling systems
Section 16.4
Fuel & Carburettors
  • Float-type & pressure carburettors
  • Carburettor icing & carb heat
  • Continuous-flow fuel injection
  • Electronic engine control / FADEC (B1.2/B1.4/B3)
Section 16.5
Ignition & Starting
  • Magneto types & principles of operation
  • Ignition harnesses & spark plugs
  • Low- and high-tension systems
  • Starting systems & pre-heat
Section 16.9
Lubrication
  • Wet sump & dry sump system layouts
  • Oil pumps, coolers, filters & relief valves
  • Oil grades & ashless dispersant requirement
  • Oil pressure & temperature indications

Three classic exam-day traps

Detonation vs pre-ignition

Both produce knock and overheating, but they aren't the same fault. Pre-ignition is the more damaging — the charge fires before the spark, hammering the piston while it's still rising.

Carb icing happens in warm air

The classic trap: candidates assume icing only forms below freezing. Carburettor icing peaks between roughly −7 °C and +21 °C with humid air because the venturi drop cools the charge by ~30 °C.

Compression ratio is a volume ratio

It's the ratio of total cylinder volume (BDC) to clearance volume (TDC) — not a pressure ratio and not a bore-to-stroke ratio. Distractors deliberately mix the three.

What Module 16 covers — in plain English

Module 16 of the EASA Part-66 syllabus covers the piston aeroplane engine end-to-end: the thermodynamic cycles that turn fuel into shaft power, the mechanical construction of crankcase, crankshaft, cylinders and valve gear, and the supporting systems — fuel, ignition, induction, exhaust, cooling, supercharging and lubrication. It is one of the more technical modules in the syllabus because nearly every section has both a theoretical side (cycle diagrams, mixture ratios, manifold pressure, compression ratio) and a hands-on side (magneto checks, carb heat application, oil pressure indications, ground run-up procedures). The current syllabus also adds a sub-section on alternative piston engine constructions — hybrid-electric concepts and power augmentation — reflecting where general aviation is heading.

The module is sat under the B1.2 (piston aeroplane), B1.4 (piston helicopter) and B3 licence routes, and by sub-categories A2 and A4. Turbine-only candidates (B1.1, B1.3, B2, B2L) do not sit Module 16 — they cover Module 17 (Propeller) and the turbine engine module instead. B1.2, B1.4 and B3 candidates work at knowledge level 2 across nearly all sub-sections, with section 16.12 (Engine Monitoring and Ground Operation) requiring the deeper knowledge level 3 for hands-on troubleshooting, parameter interpretation and run-up fault diagnosis. Section 16.13 (Storage and Preservation) is not required for category A candidates, and section 16.14 (Alternative Constructions) sits at knowledge level 1 for everyone.

Compared to the turbine module, Module 16 rewards candidates who have spent time around the engines themselves: many questions test whether you can connect a symptom (rough running, low oil pressure, magneto drop, high CHT) back to the underlying mechanism. Watch out in particular for definition questions on compression ratio, distinction questions on detonation versus pre-ignition, and envelope questions on carburettor icing — these recur in nearly every sitting and distractors are deliberately close to the correct answer. Lubrication and indication questions tend to reward candidates who can name the components in a typical wet-sump or dry-sump diagram and explain what each pressure or temperature gauge actually reads. Fuel-system questions split between traditional float-type carburettors and modern continuous-flow injection, with a small number of FADEC questions sitting at level 2 under section 16.4.3. The questions below show that style — short stems, three plausible answers, and a single principle the right answer hinges on. The full per-section knowledge-level breakdown and study order is on our Module 16 syllabus page.

These samples are drawn from our live Module 16 question bank of 500 questions. The full timed practice quiz draws 76 questions per attempt (or 52 for Cat A), scored against the official EASA 75 % pass mark, with weak-area tracking across attempts.

7 free sample questions

Click "Reveal answer + explanation" after you've picked.

Take the timed practice quiz
Q1 Fundamentals · Compression ratio

What is the compression ratio of a piston engine?

  1. A The ratio of total cylinder volume to clearance volume
  2. B The ratio of piston bore area to the stroke distance
  3. C The ratio of exhaust pressure to the inlet pressure.
Reveal answer + explanation Hide answer
Correct answer: AThe ratio of total cylinder volume to clearance volume
Compression ratio is a volume ratio: total cylinder volume at BDC divided by clearance volume at TDC. It is not a pressure ratio (that's the result, not the definition) and not a bore-to-stroke ratio (that's the stroke-to-bore relationship).
Q2 Fundamentals · Otto cycle

What principle does the Otto cycle operate on?

  1. A Variable volume combustion
  2. B Constant density combustion
  3. C Constant volume combustion
Reveal answer + explanation Hide answer
Correct answer: CConstant volume combustion
The Otto (spark-ignition) cycle is the constant-volume idealisation: combustion is modelled as instantaneous heat addition at top dead centre while the piston is momentarily stationary. The Diesel cycle, by contrast, is modelled as constant-pressure combustion during the expansion stroke.
Q3 Performance · Mixture

Leaning the mixture too much can cause:

  1. A Increased engine oil consumption
  2. B Fouling of the engine spark plugs
  3. C Engine overheating and detonation
Reveal answer + explanation Hide answer
Correct answer: CEngine overheating and detonation
An over-lean mixture burns hotter and slower, raising cylinder head temperatures and pushing the charge into detonation. A rich mixture has the opposite effect — extra fuel cools the cylinder but fouls plugs. Best-power and best-economy mixtures sit either side of stoichiometric.
Q4 Carburettors · Carb heat

When should carburetor heat be applied?

  1. A When icing is suspected or conditions are conducive to icing
  2. B Only during the descent and approach phases of the flight
  3. C Continuously at every power setting regardless of weather
Reveal answer + explanation Hide answer
Correct answer: AWhen icing is suspected or conditions are conducive to icing
Carb heat is applied whenever icing is suspected or the temperature/humidity envelope makes icing likely — not continuously (heated air is less dense and costs power) and not only on descent. Many SOPs add a periodic check at cruise in humid conditions.
Q5 Carburettors · Icing envelope

Carburetor icing is most likely to occur:

  1. A Only in extremely cold weather below minus forty degrees
  2. B At temperatures between -7°C and 21°C with high humidity
  3. C Exclusively when ambient temperatures exceed forty degrees
Reveal answer + explanation Hide answer
Correct answer: BAt temperatures between -7°C and 21°C with high humidity
The venturi temperature drop is around 30 °C, so the danger band is warm, humid ambient air roughly −7 °C to +21 °C — exactly the conditions pilots wouldn't intuitively associate with icing. Below that, the air holds too little moisture; above it, the venturi can't drop temperatures to freezing.
Q6 Ignition · Magnetos

How many magnetos does a typical aircraft engine have?

  1. A Four magnetos total for redundancy
  2. B Two (left and right) for redundancy
  3. C A single magneto per entire engine
Reveal answer + explanation Hide answer
Correct answer: BTwo (left and right) for redundancy
Aircraft piston engines use dual magnetos — left and right — each firing one of two spark plugs per cylinder. The redundancy keeps the engine running if one magneto fails, and dual-plug ignition gives a faster, more complete burn (the basis of the run-up mag check).
Q7 Lubrication · Oil functions

The primary function of engine oil is to:

  1. A Provide hydraulic pressure for propeller control
  2. B Lubricate, cool, clean, and seal engine components
  3. C Transfer power from the engine to the propeller hub
Reveal answer + explanation Hide answer
Correct answer: BLubricate, cool, clean, and seal engine components
Engine oil performs four jobs at once: lubricate bearings and rubbing surfaces, cool pistons and bearings by carrying heat to the cooler, clean by suspending combustion by-products for the filter, and seal the piston rings against the cylinder wall. Propeller-pitch hydraulic oil is supplied by the engine oil system but is not its primary purpose.
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Ready for the full Module 16 timed practice quiz?

Sign up, pick Module 16 from the dashboard, and take a timed exam drawn from our 500-question bank — the number of questions follows your licence category (52 for Cat A, 76 for B1/B2/B2L/B3). Your score is tracked across attempts and we surface your weakest sub-topics so revision time pays off.

Module 16 — frequently asked questions

How many questions are in the EASA Part-66 Module 16 exam?
The EASA Part-66 Module 16 (Piston Engine) exam has 52 multiple-choice questions for Category A candidates and 76 multiple-choice questions for Category B1 candidates. The B1 paper is larger because it tests the module at a greater knowledge depth than the Category A paper.
What is the pass mark for EASA Part-66 Module 16?
The pass mark for EASA Part-66 Module 16 is 75%, the same as every other Part-66 module. You must answer at least 75% of the multiple-choice questions correctly, so aim well above the line in practice to leave a safety margin on exam day.
How long is the Module 16 exam?
The Category A Module 16 exam allows 65 minutes for its 52 questions, and the Category B1 exam allows 95 minutes for its 76 questions. Both work out to roughly 75 seconds per question, which is comfortable if you have practised recognising the question style in advance.
Which EASA licence categories require Module 16?
Module 16 (Piston Engine) is required for Cats A2 · A4 · B1.2 · B1.4 · B3 — the piston aeroplane and piston helicopter routes plus B3. Turbine-only candidates (B1.1, B1.3, B2, B2L) do not sit Module 16; they study Module 17 (Propeller) and the turbine engine module instead.
What does Module 16 cover, and what do students find hardest?
Module 16 covers the piston aeroplane engine end-to-end: the fundamentals (two- and four-stroke, Otto and Diesel cycles, compression ratio, firing order), engine performance and induction, fuel and carburettors, ignition and starting with magnetos, and lubrication systems. The most commonly missed topics are the distinction between detonation and pre-ignition — pre-ignition is the more damaging fault, firing the charge before the spark — and the carburettor icing envelope, which peaks in warm, humid air between roughly −7 °C and +21 °C, not only below freezing. Candidates also trip on compression ratio, which is a volume ratio (total cylinder volume to clearance volume), not a pressure ratio or a bore-to-stroke ratio.
How should I revise for Module 16?
Work systematically through the five topic areas — fundamentals, performance and induction, fuel and carburettors, ignition and starting, and lubrication — and drill the definition and distinction questions that recur every sitting. Nail the exact wording of compression ratio, keep detonation and pre-ignition clearly separated in your mind, and memorise the carburettor icing temperature band rather than assuming icing only forms below zero. Practising against exam-style stems with three close distractors, as on our Module 16 practice questions, is the fastest way to spot the single principle each question hinges on.

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