What is the compression ratio of a piston engine?
- A The ratio of total cylinder volume to clearance volume
- B The ratio of piston bore area to the stroke distance
- C The ratio of exhaust pressure to the inlet pressure.
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Module 16 covers the fundamentals, performance, construction and systems of piston aeroplane engines — from four-stroke Otto theory to magneto ignition, carburettor icing and lubrication layouts. Below: what's covered, exam format, and seven sample questions in the same style you'll meet on exam day.
Both produce knock and overheating, but they aren't the same fault. Pre-ignition is the more damaging — the charge fires before the spark, hammering the piston while it's still rising.
The classic trap: candidates assume icing only forms below freezing. Carburettor icing peaks between roughly −7 °C and +21 °C with humid air because the venturi drop cools the charge by ~30 °C.
It's the ratio of total cylinder volume (BDC) to clearance volume (TDC) — not a pressure ratio and not a bore-to-stroke ratio. Distractors deliberately mix the three.
Module 16 of the EASA Part-66 syllabus covers the piston aeroplane engine end-to-end: the thermodynamic cycles that turn fuel into shaft power, the mechanical construction of crankcase, crankshaft, cylinders and valve gear, and the supporting systems — fuel, ignition, induction, exhaust, cooling, supercharging and lubrication. It is one of the more technical modules in the syllabus because nearly every section has both a theoretical side (cycle diagrams, mixture ratios, manifold pressure, compression ratio) and a hands-on side (magneto checks, carb heat application, oil pressure indications, ground run-up procedures). The current syllabus also adds a sub-section on alternative piston engine constructions — hybrid-electric concepts and power augmentation — reflecting where general aviation is heading.
The module is sat under the B1.2 (piston aeroplane), B1.4 (piston helicopter) and B3 licence routes, and by sub-categories A2 and A4. Turbine-only candidates (B1.1, B1.3, B2, B2L) do not sit Module 16 — they cover Module 17 (Propeller) and the turbine engine module instead. B1.2, B1.4 and B3 candidates work at knowledge level 2 across nearly all sub-sections, with section 16.12 (Engine Monitoring and Ground Operation) requiring the deeper knowledge level 3 for hands-on troubleshooting, parameter interpretation and run-up fault diagnosis. Section 16.13 (Storage and Preservation) is not required for category A candidates, and section 16.14 (Alternative Constructions) sits at knowledge level 1 for everyone.
Compared to the turbine module, Module 16 rewards candidates who have spent time around the engines themselves: many questions test whether you can connect a symptom (rough running, low oil pressure, magneto drop, high CHT) back to the underlying mechanism. Watch out in particular for definition questions on compression ratio, distinction questions on detonation versus pre-ignition, and envelope questions on carburettor icing — these recur in nearly every sitting and distractors are deliberately close to the correct answer. Lubrication and indication questions tend to reward candidates who can name the components in a typical wet-sump or dry-sump diagram and explain what each pressure or temperature gauge actually reads. Fuel-system questions split between traditional float-type carburettors and modern continuous-flow injection, with a small number of FADEC questions sitting at level 2 under section 16.4.3. The questions below show that style — short stems, three plausible answers, and a single principle the right answer hinges on. The full per-section knowledge-level breakdown and study order is on our Module 16 syllabus page.
These samples are drawn from our live Module 16 question bank of 500 questions. The full timed practice quiz draws 76 questions per attempt (or 52 for Cat A), scored against the official EASA 75 % pass mark, with weak-area tracking across attempts.
Click "Reveal answer + explanation" after you've picked.
Sign up, pick Module 16 from the dashboard, and take a timed exam drawn from our 500-question bank — the number of questions follows your licence category (52 for Cat A, 76 for B1/B2/B2L/B3). Your score is tracked across attempts and we surface your weakest sub-topics so revision time pays off.
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The complete EASA Part-66 handbook — licence categories, all 17 modules, exam format and pass marks, experience and OJT, the rules in 11 countries, type ratings and continuation training. Includes 255 practice questions with explanations. 2026 Edition, PDF.
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