Murphy's law can be regarded as the notion:
- A If something can go wrong it will.
- B Errors are always due to neglect.
- C Blame rests with the last person.
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Every Part-66 licence category — A, B1, B2, B2L and B3 — sits a Module 9 paper covering how human performance, error, communication and teamwork shape aircraft maintenance safety. Below: what the syllabus covers, the exam format, and seven sample questions in the same style you will meet on exam day.
UK CAA examines Module 9 by essay (EASA made it multiple-choice only in 2024). See 20 worked model essay answers for this module, each with the examiner Key Points. Open Module 9 essays →
Slips and lapses are unintentional failures of execution (skill-based), while mistakes are intentional actions based on wrong knowledge or wrong rules. Swapping these around is the most common error-classification trap.
A just culture protects honest errors but still holds deliberate violations and recklessness to account. Answers claiming “a complete absence of blame” are wrong.
SHEL is Software, Hardware, Environment, Liveware. The second L in SHELL is a second Liveware (the central engineer’s interaction with other people), not Location or Logistics.
Module 9 of the EASA Part-66 syllabus covers Human Factors — the study of how people perform, communicate, make errors and recover from them in the aircraft maintenance environment. It is the only Part-66 module that every licence category sits to the same standard at knowledge level 2, and it is widely seen as one of the more deceptive papers: the questions are written in plain English about everyday concepts (fatigue, stress, memory, communication, teamwork), which tempts candidates to answer from common sense or workshop folklore rather than from the specific doctrine the syllabus lays out. The module grew out of the post-Aloha-243 industry response in the late 1980s, when regulators recognised that the majority of maintenance-related incidents trace back to human factors rather than to component or design failure, and it has been a mandatory part of the Part-66 syllabus ever since.
The bank covers ten sub-sections, from the general case for human factors and Murphy’s law (9.1) through human performance and limitations — vision, hearing, memory, attention (9.2), social psychology and team working (9.3), factors affecting performance such as sleep, stress, alcohol and shift work (9.4), the physical environment of noise, illumination and temperature (9.5), task types including visual inspection and complex systems (9.6), communication and shift handover (9.7), error models and the types of error seen in maintenance tasks (9.8), safety management, occurrence reporting and just culture (9.9), and the Dirty Dozen of common maintenance errors with their associated risk-mitigation strategies (9.10). Expect questions that hinge on a single doctrinal distinction — slip vs lapse vs mistake, just culture vs no-blame culture, peer pressure vs supervisory pressure, or SHEL vs SHELL — rather than on numbers or formulas. Reading the actual question wording slowly matters more here than in almost any other Part-66 module.
All five licence categories (A, B1, B2, B2L and B3) sit the same 28-question, 35-minute paper at knowledge level 2 across every sub-section — you need to understand the principles and be able to apply them in context, not just recognise the vocabulary. The pass mark is 75 %, leaving room for only seven incorrect answers out of twenty-eight, and the questions are split fairly evenly across the ten sub-sections rather than concentrated in any one area. The full per-section breakdown, including links to relevant CAA and FAA reference material, is on our Module 9 syllabus page.
These samples are drawn from our live Module 9 question bank of 746 questions. The full timed practice quiz draws 28 questions per attempt (or 28 for Cat A), scored against the official EASA 75 % pass mark, with weak-area tracking across attempts.
Click "Reveal answer + explanation" after you've picked.
Sign up, pick Module 9 from the dashboard, and take a timed exam drawn from our 746-question bank — the number of questions follows your licence category (28 for Cat A, 28 for B1/B2/B2L/B3). Your score is tracked across attempts and we surface your weakest sub-topics so revision time pays off.
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The complete EASA Part-66 handbook — licence categories, all 17 modules, exam format and pass marks, experience and OJT, the rules in 11 countries, type ratings and continuation training. Includes 255 practice questions with explanations. 2026 Edition, PDF.
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